Throwing and hitching transportation, also known as loading and unloading, adopts the mode of "one vehicle with multiple hitching" to achieve the logistics transportation effect of "people stop without stopping". Compared with the traditional "one car and one trailer", the drop hook transportation can greatly improve the transportation efficiency, improve the utilization rate of vehicles and maximize the benefits.

1. Definition of drop and hook transportation

Dump and hitch transportation refers to the transportation organization mode in which the tractor unloads the trailer and cargo together at the cargo loading and unloading point, and replaces it with other trailers full of cargo to continue to run to the next cargo loading and unloading point.

As the time for loading and unloading goods is greatly reduced, the time for vehicle shutdown is also effectively shortened, which improves the mobility of the tractor and improves the vehicle turnover efficiency. It is of great significance for the reduction of logistics costs, the promotion of energy conservation and emission reduction, the improvement of the overall quality of economic operation, and the promotion of the development of modern logistics transportation.

2. Characteristics of drop and hook transportation

Advantages:

① People stop all the time, and vehicle operation efficiency is improved.

Under the same transportation conditions, the efficiency of vehicle transportation depends on such factors as the loading capacity of goods, loading and unloading time, driving speed of vehicles, etc. Throwing and hitching transportation greatly saves the waiting time of vehicles when loading and unloading goods, and also improves the operation efficiency of tractors.

② Reduce the number of tractors purchased and the investment cost.

As the trailer can be used repeatedly to tow different trailers, it is not necessary to match according to the traditional "one trailer for one vehicle". Therefore, under the same conditions, logistics companies can reduce the number of tractors to reduce investment costs.

③ Reduce vehicle no-load rate and improve vehicle utilization rate.

After the vehicle arrives at the loading and unloading point and the trailer is replaced, it can start a new journey. There is almost no venting, and it can also save a lot of unnecessary fuel consumption and further reduce costs.

inferiority:

① The initial investment cost is huge.

The investment cost of the first phase is relatively large, which is often millions or even tens of millions.

② Sufficient supply is needed for support.

For the drop and hook mode, the more sufficient the supply of goods, the more efficient the transportation efficiency will be. Otherwise, it is easy to cause time and cost consumption due to waiting for goods, or even empty, affecting the marketing transportation efficiency.

3. Classification of drop and hook transportation

① One line, two points and one end hanging

The vehicle shall be transported between A and B, hitched at A and unloaded at B, then the tractor shall return to A empty or drag the empty trailer to continue the next round of transportation.

② One line, two points and two ends hanging

The vehicle shall be transported between A and B points. It shall be hitched at A and unloaded at B, and then directly hitched to another loaded trailer to return to A for the next round of transportation.

③ Multi point loading and unloading cycle rejection

Multiple loading and unloading points present a closed cycle, with a certain number of turnover trailers. The tractor arrives at a loading and unloading point to unload the trailer, and then attaches another loaded trailer to the next unloading point. The same operation is repeated at the next unloading point.

4. Necessary conditions for drop and hook transportation

① Technical standardization of vehicle equipment

In the process of coupling and dropping transportation, one tractor needs to be equipped with multiple trailers, which requires that the matching between the tractor and the trailer should be enhanced, and the production of the trailer should be standardized and generalized, so as to meet the requirements of frequent coupling and picking between the tractor and the trailer.

② Vehicle performance should meet the standard

In the uncoupling mode, it is almost "stop and hang without stopping, and people stop without stopping". The vehicle must be durable for a long time to meet this kind of coupled transportation.

③ The construction of freight yard should be improved

The drop and hook transportation requires that the site meet the operation standards and can provide sufficient space for picking and hitching, parking, loading and unloading, etc.

④ The road is in good condition

The road condition is directly related to the efficiency of the drop and hook transportation, such as the road condition and the degree of congestion.

⑤ Stable and sufficient supply

The cargo source storage in the transfer warehouse of both parties is stable, the planned operation is multi frequency, and the flow forms convection.

5. Application of Throwing and Hanging Transportation Abroad

The drop and hook transportation abroad started in the 1940s, and has become the main mode of transportation in Europe and the United States. Almost 70% - 80% of large enterprises use this mode of transportation.

In the United States, van type trucks are mostly used to transport less than truckload goods. The number of van type semi trailers accounts for almost 70% of the total trailer sales, with the highest proportion being Long Head 6 × 4 The tractor is matched with a 2-axle box semi-trailer, accounting for about 90% of the box semi-trailer;

In Australia, the form of road train is mostly used in the dump and hitching transportation. One tractor can tow multiple trailers, and some even tow 3-6 carriages. The total length can exceed 40 meters, which is mainly used for ore transportation;

In Europe, there is also a form of one trailer and two trailers. The total length of vehicles is more than 20 meters, mainly with hood compartment, of which the largest proportion is 4 × 2 Tractors shall be matched with 3-axle box semi-trailer.

6. There are many restrictions on domestic drop hook transportation

① Technical constraints

The domestic trailer market is mixed, the manufacturing threshold is relatively low, there is a lack of unified technical standards and specifications, and some trailers and tractors can not be matched, which restricts the sharing of trailers between enterprises and the large range of hitching operations.

② Unequal freight volume of round-trip routes

Affected by the terrain and the layout of historical towns, China's urban density is unevenly distributed, the industrial layout is relatively scattered, and the source of goods is too scattered. In order to obtain more goods, logistics enterprises need to lay out more routes and vehicles, but not all routes can pull return goods, and the fuel consumption and labor cost of empty vehicles caused by the unequal volume of goods on the round-trip routes are not small.

③ Backward logistics management mode

At present, the overall business model of domestic logistics enterprises is relatively backward, and most of them focus on profit compression and price competition, especially in small companies and individuals. They lack the stable supply of goods, transportation integration, distribution scheduling, management capabilities, etc. required for efficient decoupling.

④ Lack of informatization foundation

The drop and hook transportation needs the cooperation and support of multiple management systems such as monitoring, scheduling, loading and unloading. If there is a lack of information and digital management, the drop and hook transportation will be severely restricted. At present, the informatization level of China's freight industry is relatively low, and most logistics enterprises do not have perfect information systems, which is difficult to meet the requirements for dynamic scheduling and management of drop and hook transport vehicles, and for organizing cargo stowage.