In recent years, the state has paid more and more attention to environmental protection, and the new energy of vehicles has gradually become a trend. Especially in the field of passenger cars, almost all major brands have launched new energy vehicles. With the continuous rise of international fuel prices, many commercial vehicles have also begun to enter the new energy field. Therefore, electric trucks came into people's sight.

Electric truck refers to the vehicle type that uses electric drive instead of fuel drive.

After replacing the electric drive, the operating cost of the vehicle has decreased, especially under the premise of the current high fuel price, the economic benefit is obvious; In terms of emissions, since the fuel drive is replaced, the vehicle can basically achieve zero emissions; In addition, the electric drive also has the advantages of low noise, convenient shifting and reduced vibration, which can improve the driving environment and protect the goods to a certain extent.

Compared with fuel vehicles, electric trucks also have an advantage, that is, vehicle data is easier to collect and upload, which can further improve technical services, optimize energy supply in the field of transportation, and realize the application of unmanned technology in closed scenes such as mines and ports.

Electric trucks can be subdivided into pure electric trucks and hybrid trucks.

1、 Pure electric truck

Pure electric trucks refer to trucks that are completely driven by electricity. According to the power supply mode, it can be divided into charging type and changing type.

The charging type requires the vehicle to be loaded with a power battery and charged by an external charging pile;

The power exchange mode is the vehicle power separation mode, which relies on the external power exchange station to replace the battery.

Although in theory, electric trucks seem to have incomparable advantages over fuel vehicles, in fact, the penetration rate of pure electric trucks is not high. The main reasons are as follows:

1. Vehicle self weight.

Unlike passenger cars, trailers are mainly used for transportation and have high requirements for endurance. Therefore, electric trucks need to load more batteries. Take an electric driven 6x4 tractor as an example, its battery weight can reach about 3T, which leads to that electric trucks are generally heavier than fuel vehicles of the same type.

2. The charging speed is slow and the charging efficiency is low.

The charging speed of electric trucks has always been an industry malady. Generally speaking, an electric truck adopts the slow charging mode, and it takes about several hours to fill; If the fast charging method is adopted, it will take at least one hour to fully charge, and it will also cause certain damage to the battery. This is indeed a lot slower than the efficiency of going to the gas station to refuel.

3. Charging is not convenient.

As we all know, it is not particularly convenient to charge new energy passenger vehicles in many cities at present, especially on highways, there are few charging piles, let alone new energy commercial vehicles, which to a large extent leads to the reluctance of transport owners to buy electric trucks, especially medium and long-distance owners.

4. Limited endurance.

In order to extend the endurance of the electric truck, more batteries are equipped in the vehicle design. However, due to the low energy density of the battery, its endurance mileage can not meet the medium and long-distance transportation needs of the heavy semi-trailer to a large extent.

5. The cost of buying a car is high.

As a new model, although the electric truck has limitations in many aspects, its price is still much higher than that of ordinary fuel semi-trailer, which also makes many car owners give up the idea of buying.

2、 Hybrid truck

Hybrid truck refers to the vehicle type driven by electricity and fuel. It can be divided into three types: oil electric hybrid, plug-in hybrid and incremental electric.

1. Hybrid power

The driving force is provided by the fuel engine and the electric motor. Generally, the battery capacity is relatively small, and no charging interface is provided. The energy recovery during the operation of the truck is used for charging.

The motor power of this type of vehicle is not large. In the starting and accelerating scenarios, the motor assists the engine to provide power, reducing fuel consumption and improving operation efficiency. The advantage is that there is no need to charge and it is convenient to use; The disadvantage is that it is highly dependent on fuel and the emission of pollutants is still high.

2. Plug in hybrid.

The plug-in hybrid truck is driven by the engine and the motor, and can form a variety of combinations according to the different modes of the two, such as pure electric, pure fuel, electric refueling, etc.

The advantage is that a charging port is designed, which can be charged at any time. Pure electric mode can be adopted when the electric power is sufficient, and pure fuel mode can be adopted when the electric power is insufficient, which is suitable for middle and long-distance running, and the effect of energy saving and emission reduction is better; The disadvantage is that the technology is complex, and the contradiction between the battery weight and the battery life is not well coordinated.

3. Add program electric.

The extended range electric truck refers to the vehicle type that is powered by the engine and driven by the motor. When the battery pack is fully charged, the pure electric mode is adopted for driving. When the battery pack is insufficient, the engine in the vehicle is started to drive the generator to charge the power battery.

The advantage is that the range is long, but the disadvantage is that when running at high speed, the engine is required to drive the generator, so the fuel consumption is high and the dependence on fuel cannot be avoided.