Suspension is a force transmission connecting part between frame and axle, and it is also an important part to ensure vehicle driving safety and driving comfort. For freight vehicles, suspension and axle are the key to the strength of vehicle load-bearing performance.

The independent suspension axle, also known as the disconnected axle, is different from the ordinary non independent suspension axle with integral axle. The wheel ends on both sides are installed on the vehicle body through their own suspension, and the middle is connected by joint structure. Therefore, the wheels on both sides can realize relative movement without affecting each other.

From the style of independent suspension, it can be divided into the following categories:

1. Single wishbone independent suspension

At present, it is rarely used in the front suspension. Its main feature is that when the suspension is deformed, the wheel plane is easy to tilt, which changes the track width of the wheels on both sides and affects the adhesion between the tire and the ground. In addition, when the suspension is used for the steering wheel, it is easy to make the kingpin inclination and wheel camber change greatly, which has a certain impact on the steering control.

2. Double wishbone independent suspension

This kind of independent suspension is widely used on the front wheels of cars. Its upper and lower swing arms are unequal in length, which can control the angle and track width of the wheel and kingpin. The upper arm of unequal arm double wishbone is shorter than the lower arm. When the wheel moves up and down, the motion radian of the upper arm is smaller than that of the lower arm, which can realize the slight internal and external movement of the upper part of the tire, and the influence of the bottom is small, which is conducive to reducing tire damage and improving the driving smoothness and directional stability of the vehicle.

3. Single trailing arm independent suspension

If the steering wheel adopts single trailing arm independent suspension, the up and down runout of the wheel will greatly change the caster angle of the kingpin. Therefore, single trailing arm independent suspension is generally used for the rear wheel without steering.

4. Double trailing arm independent suspension

This type of suspension is applicable to the steering wheel. The lengths of the two longitudinal arms are generally made equal to form a parallel four-bar linkage. When the wheel jumps up and down, the caster angle of the kingpin remains unchanged.

Because the independent suspension axle replaces the middle axle beam connection, the installation position of the engine can be reduced or moved forward, the center of gravity of the vehicle is lower and the driving stability is stronger; In addition, the wheels on both sides are designed with their own suspension systems. While the wheels on one side are bumpy, the wheels on the other side can remain independent from being involved, which can reduce the bumps and vibrations on the body and enhance the trafficability in complex and bad road conditions.

However, the independent suspension vehicle bridge is not without disadvantages. The poor load-bearing performance is on the one hand. After all, it lacks the middle axle beam structure, so it seems to be somewhat unable to cope with the cargo transportation.

In contrast, although the design of non independent suspension axle is simpler, and its seismic resistance and trafficability are not as good as that of independent suspension, it can provide greater load-carrying capacity and torque, and it is more convenient for daily maintenance and repair. It is more suitable for freight vehicles. For example, the load-bearing bridges of heavy trucks, trailers and semi-trailer vehicles generally use non independent suspension axle.

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