The axle is a very important part of the trailer. It undertakes the functions of driving, steering, bearing and driving of the trailer. It can be said to be the walking system of the trailer.

Usually, according to different driving modes, the axle can be divided into steering axle, drive axle, steering drive axle and support axle. Among them, the steering axle and the support axle belong to the driven axle, that is, they do not have the driving function. At present, most trailers use the front drive. The front axle, that is, the axle of the tractor, undertakes the steering drive function, and the rear axle mainly plays the load-bearing support function.

Trailer axle classification and structure:

1. Steering axle.

The steering axle is usually located on the trailer tractor, so it is also called the front axle. Its structure is basically the same. It is composed of two steering knuckles and a cross beam, and the wheels are installed on the steering knuckle. During steering, the wheels at both ends are deflected by a certain angle through the steering knuckle to realize the steering of the vehicle.

In general, the steering axle of the trailer should not only bear the steering function, but also bear the torque caused by longitudinal force and lateral force.

2. Drive axle.

The function of the drive axle is to distribute the torque of the engine to the left and right drive wheels after reducing the speed and increasing the torque and changing the power transmission direction to drive the vehicle. Generally, it is mainly composed of reducer, differential, axle shaft and axle housing. If classified according to the structural form, it can be divided into integral drive axle and disconnected drive axle, but the integral drive axle is generally used on freight vehicles.

(1) The integral drive axle adopts a non independent suspension, and the drive axle housing is a rigid whole. Both ends of the drive axle are connected with the frame through the suspension. The left and right half axles are always in a straight line, that is, the left and right drive wheels cannot jump independently. When the wheel on one side meets the bumpy road, the drive axle and vehicle body will jump or tilt accordingly.

(2) The disconnected drive axle adopts independent suspension, its main reducer is fixed on the frame, the front axle is the front subframe, both ends are connected with the frame through the upper and lower swing arms, and the half axle is also connected by sections through universal joints. Therefore, the drive wheels on both sides can jump independently of each other. It is generally more widely used in passenger cars.

3. Steering drive axle.

After knowing the steering axle and drive axle, the steering drive axle is easier to understand. In terms of structure, it should not only have the main reducer, differential and axle shaft of the general drive axle, but also the steering knuckle and kingpin of the steering axle, which mainly bear the functions of steering and drive.

4. Support bridge.

Generally speaking, the trailer axle refers to the support axle, which is used on the trailer behind the tractor. Its main function is to bear the body weight, buffer the bumps on the road, ensure the vehicle braking and maintain the vehicle driving.

The support axle can be subdivided into disc axle, drum axle, low flat axle, special axle, concave axle, three wire six axle axle and other types, among which the most widely used are disc axle, drum axle and low flat axle.

(1) Disc axle.

The biggest feature of disc axle is that the brake disc is exposed and the heat dissipation is fast. When the trailer brakes continuously, the temperature will not be too high to avoid braking failure. Compared with the drum axle, the braking is more sensitive and stable, which is conducive to protecting goods and reducing goods damage. In addition, the disc axle is also a mandatory axle type for the three-axle warehouse fence plate Trailer. However, some heavy vehicles need to be equipped with hydraulic retarder to use disc axle.

(2) Drum axle.

The drum axle is characterized by a sealed brake drum. The friction area of the brake pad is larger and stronger braking force can be obtained. Therefore, it is more suitable for heavy transport vehicles. But also because the sealed brake drum has poor heat dissipation, in order to avoid heat attenuation, it needs to be equipped with water spraying device to cool down during continuous braking.

(3) Flat axle low.

Low flat axle is mainly used in low flat trailer. Because it is often used to transport heavy goods, it requires higher bearing capacity and stability of the axle. Therefore, the low flat axle is generally lower from the ground than the ordinary axle. On the one hand, it can reduce the center of gravity and improve the stability. On the other hand, it is convenient for goods to get on and off. The axle body and axle housing of low flat axle need to be strengthened to ensure its heavy load performance.

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